Entekno are producing Al(OH)3(ATH) flame retardants having 25 µm particle size and 98% whiteness. Entekno have also been making research to develop ATH flame retardants having 1 µm or less particle size.
What is a Flame Retardant?
There are two elements of a burning reaction:
Reducing agent
Oxidizing agent
The oxidizing agent is generally oxygen in air. Burning process starts when the polymeric material reaches to a heat at which the polymeric bonds starts to break down. When the polymeric bonds break down the flammable gases in the material rise to the air and forms the environment having the burning potential. When this gas mixture finds enough energy to activate the burning will start.
| POLYMER | Maximum Working Temperature (°C) | Decomposition Temperature (°C) |
|---|---|---|
| Polycarbonate | 125 | 325-400 |
| Polyethylene | 80 | 340-440 |
| Nylon 6 | 105 | 300-350 |
| PVC | 60 | 200-300 |
The Flame Retardance Mechanisms
Flame retardants either prevent or stop the burning process. This can be accomplished with two different mechanisms:
Physical
Chemical
Physical Prevention
In this mechanism the flame reatardant material spends the heat occurring at the burning potential area. Flame retardants use the heat occurring in te enviroment and therefore decreases the heat of enviroment. In this category aluminium trihydroxide and magnesium hydroxide are the choices. These materials reveal water vapour at temperatures of 200°C to 300 °C, the reaction that produces water vapour is endothermic therefore uses the heat energy that occurs in the burning enviroment.
2Al(OH)3 → Al2O3 + 3H2O
The revealed water vapour decreases the concentration of the fuel in the burning zone and hinders the propagation of the flame.
Chemical Prevention
This type of flame retardants change the chemistry of the burning process. The flame retardants expose Cl and Br type radicals in gas form and these gaseous products react with H and OH and renders them inaffective for burning. Also the additives such as clay results to ash formation which hinders the propagation of the flame.
The Applications where Flame Retardants are used
Automotive Field
Electrical hardware: PP, PE, PBT, PA, PVC
Seats: PU, PP, PVC, ABS, PA, Polyether, Polyester
Car bumper: PP, ABC, PC/PBT
Lamps: PC, PBT, ABS, PMMA, UP
Door handles: ABS, PA, PBT, POM, ASA, PP
Liquid reservoirs : PP, PA, PE
Electronic Field
Cables and wires: PVC, XLPE, PP
Box: HIPS, ABS, HIPS/PPE, PC/ABS
Circuits: Epoxy resin
Jack inputs: PBT, PET, PA6, PA66, HTN
Transportation (Bus)
Electrical hardware: PP, PE, PBT, PA, PVC
Accessories: ABS, PA, PBT, POM, ASA, PP
Lamps: PC, PBT, ABS, PMMA, UP
Seats: PU, PP, PVC, ABS, PA, Polyether, Polyester
Bumpers : PP, ABC, PC/PBT
Liquid reservoirs: PP, PA, PE
Transportation (Airplane)
Electrical hardware: PP, PE, PBT, PA, PVC
Seats ve top panels: PU, PP, PVC, ABS, PA, Polyether, Polyester
| PLASTIC COMPONENT | PLASTIC TYPE |
|---|---|
| Bumper | PP, ABS, PC/PBT |
| Cable and Wire | PVC, XLPE, PP |
| Oil System | HDPE, POM, PA, PP, PBT |
| Body | PP, PPE, UP |
| Electrical Hardware | PP, PE, PBT, POM, ASA, PP |
| Lightening | PC, PBT, ABS, PMMA, UP |
| Liquid Reservoirs | PP, PE, PA |
| Seats | PU, PP, PVC, ABS, PA, Poliether, Poliyester |
| Decorative Parts (inside the car) | PP, ABS, PET, POM, PVC |
| Decorative Parts (outside the car) | ABS, PA, PBT, POM, ASA, PP |
The Statistics for the Deaths Caused by Fires
The below statistics made in England show the main places where casualities occurred at fires.
The Statistics for the Reasons of Death at Fires
The biggest reason of deaths occurred at England statistically happened due to toxic fumes occurred during a fire.
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